【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforTensileStrengthofMonolithicAdvancedCeramicsatAmbientTemperatures
【原文标准名称】:室温下单片高级陶瓷抗拉强度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMC1273-2005(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:C28.01
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:高级陶瓷;百分比弯曲度;抗拉强度;抗拉试验
【英文主题词】:advancedceramic;percentbending;tensilestrength;tensiletesting
【摘要】:Thistestmethodmaybeusedformaterialdevelopment,materialcomparison,qualityassurance,characterization,anddesigndatageneration.Highstrength,monolithicadvancedceramicmaterialsgenerallycharacterizedbysmallgrainsizes(x003C;50x03BC;m)andbulkdensitiesnearthetheoreticaldensityarecandidatesforload-bearingstructuralapplicationsrequiringhighdegreesofwearandcorrosionresistance,andhightemperaturestrength.Althoughflexuraltestmethodsarecommonlyusedtoevaluatestrengthofadvancedceramics,thenon-uniformstressdistributionoftheflexuretestspecimenlimitsthevolumeofmaterialsubjectedtothemaximumappliedstressatfracture.Uniaxially-loadedtensilestrengthtestsprovideinformationonstrength-limitingflawsfromagreatervolumeofuniformlystressedmaterial.Althoughthevolumeorsurfaceareaofmaterialsubjectedtoauniformtensilestressforasingleuniaxially-loadedtensiletestmaybeseveraltimesthatofasingleflexuretestspecimen,theneedtotestastatisticallysignificantnumberoftensiletestspecimensisnotobviated.Therefore,becauseoftheprobabilisticstrengthdistributionsofbrittlematerialssuchasadvancedceramics,asufficientnumberoftestspecimensateachtestingconditionisrequiredforstatisticalanalysisandeventualdesign,withguidelinesforsufficientnumbersprovidedinthistestmethod.Notethatsize-scalingeffectsasdiscussedinPracticeC1239willaffectthestrengthvalues.Therefore,strengthsobtainedusingdifferentrecommendedtensiletestspecimenswithdifferentvolumesorsurfaceareasofmaterialinthegagesectionswillbedifferentduetothesesizedifferences.ResultingstrengthvaluescanbescaledtoaneffectivevolumeorsurfaceareaofunityasdiscussedinPracticeC1239.Tensiletestsprovideinformationonthestrengthanddeformationofmaterialsunderuniaxialtensilestresses.Uniformstressstatesarerequiredtoeffectivelyevaluateanynon-linearstress-strainbehaviorwhichmaydevelopastheresultoftestingmode,testingrate,processingoralloyingeffects,orenvironmentalinfluences.Theseeffectsmaybeconsequencesofstresscorrosionorsubcritical(slow)crackgrowthwhichcanbeminimizedbytestingatappropriatelyrapidratesasoutlinedinthistestmethod.Theresultsoftensiletestsoftestspecimensfabricatedtostandardizeddimensionsfromaparticularmaterialorselectedportions,orboth,ofapartmaynottotallyrepresentthestrengthanddeformationpropertiesoftheentire,full-sizeendproductoritsin-servicebehaviorindifferentenvironments.Forqualitycontrolpurposes,resultsderivedfromstandardizedtensiletestspecimenscanbeconsideredtobeindicativeoftheresponseofthematerialfromwhichtheyweretakenforgivenprimaryprocessingconditionsandpost-processingheattreatments.Thetensilestrengthofaceramicmaterialisdependentonbothitsinherentresistancetofractureandthepresenceofflaws.Analysisoffracturesurfacesandfractography,thoughbeyondthescopeofthistestmethod,ishighlyrecommendedforallpurposes,especiallyfordesigndata.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftensilestrengthunderuniaxialloadingofmonolithicadvancedceramicsatambienttemperatures.Thistestmethodaddresses,butisnotrestrictedto,varioussuggestedtestspecimengeometriesaslistedintheappendix.Inaddition,testspecimenfabricationmethods,testingmodes(force,displacement,orstraincontrol),testingrates(forcerate,stressrate,displacementrate,ors......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:81_060_99
【页数】:18P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Filmviewingboxesandviewingconditions-Part1:Requirementsfortheproductionandoperationofviewingboxesfortheassessmentoftransparent-baseimagesinmedicaldiagnostics
【原文标准名称】:感光胶片检视箱和检视条件.第1部分:医学诊断中透视片确诊用检视箱的生产和操作要求
【标准号】:DIN6856-1-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1995-10
【实施或试行日期】:1995-10-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:医疗放射照相术;辐射防护;射线摄影;定义;职业安全;规范(批准);核旋转层析X线摄影法;观察条件;观测;观察箱;计算机断层摄影;诊断;辐射学;医学科学;超声波学;透明软片;核医学;诊断(医学)
【英文主题词】:Computedtomography;Definition;Definitions;Diagnosis;Diagnosis(medical);Medicalradiography;Medicalsciences;Nuclearmedicine;Nuclearspintomography;Observation;Occupationalsafety;Radiationprotection;Radiographs;Radiology;Specification(approval);Transparencies;Ultrasonics;Viewingboxes;Viewingconditions
【摘要】:Thedocumentrulesrequirementsonfilmviewingboxestoassureoptimizedvisualdiagnosisinformationtransfer.Exception:Dentalradiologicalimages.
【中国标准分类号】:C43
【国际标准分类号】:37_040_99
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:德语